Over the last few decades, there has been an undeniable increase in the growth of technology and internet use. Undoubtedly, this growth has brought about many advantages, such as improved communication, quicker access to information, and increased collaboration, for example. Yet, such growth and reliance on technology has also brought about many challenges and problems, including an increased risk of developing internet addiction. Learning how to healthily navigate the digital age poses many complications; however, it is necessary to prevent the development of internet-related addictions as well as heal from their associated consequences.
We at PCP are no strangers to the lingering consequences of both substance addictions and process/behavioural addictions. Alongside new advancements in technology and digital gadgets, internet addiction has become increasingly prevalent, affecting not only individuals and families but also communities at large. Fortunately, we have the knowledge and professional support that individuals need to prevent behavioural addictions like internet addiction while also enabling lasting healing for those struggling. The first step in healing involves recognising what internet addiction is and learning how to balance wellness amidst the digital age.
Shedding Light on the Growth of Technology and the Digital Age
The early 1980s triggered the beginning of the digital age (also referred to as the information age); a time of rapid increases in technological change led by digital devices and other technologies. Some of the main innovations of this period include personal computers and laptops, the internet (and the World Wide Web), e-mails, GPS services, mobile phones, and text messaging. Today, these technologies and services are commonplace. Likewise, it is more and more difficult to both remember and imagine the world that existed before the creation of the digital age.
The growth of the digital age opened up many opportunities for individuals across the globe. By enabling quick access to information, the digital age made it possible for individuals to engage in online learning remotely. Similarly, it triggered the promotion of global collaboration and employment opportunities. It also increased the convenience of completing daily chores and tasks by saving time through the use of the internet.
Alongside these advantages, however, the creation of the digital age has also triggered some undeniable disadvantages. For instance, the expansion of technology has led to an overconsumption of information as well as an overreliance on digital devices. Such intense consumption of content is known to cause anxiety, panic, and depression, especially when individuals are separated from their digital devices for some time.
Some additional harms of extensive screen time and technology use include, but are not limited to:
- Heightened attention-deficit symptoms
- Impaired emotional and social intelligence
- Social isolation
- Impaired brain development
- Disrupted sleep
- Technology and internet addiction
In summary, the digital age has brought about many positive and negative effects on the health and well-being of individuals everywhere. That said, there is little information available to help individuals and families healthily navigate the digital age and prevent the negative consequences of excessive technology use from affecting their lives. Similarly, discussions about internet addiction are often left in the shadows, which can be especially problematic for those who are already exhibiting symptoms but may not recognise their own need for professional treatment and support.
Understanding Internet Addiction
Despite technology and internet use being integral parts of everyday life, the development of internet overuse and addiction is becoming especially prevalent and is affecting individuals of all ages, from adolescents to adults. According to further research done to MIND, “If the amount of time you spend online is beginning to affect your day-to-day life, you may be showing some signs of internet overuse or addiction. This is when you use the internet to the point of it causing you harm.”
As noted in the Journal of Family & Community Medicine, “Addictions activate a combination of sites in the brain associated with pleasure, known together as the “reward center” or “pleasure pathway” of the brain. When activated, dopamine release is increased, along with opiates and other neurochemicals.” Internet addiction is similar to alcohol and drug addictions in that the excessive use of the internet leads can trigger these dopamine surges. Over time, these dopamine surges and other effects of internet use will inform lasting impairments in brain structure and associated functioning, leading to uncontrollable, compulsive use.
Warning Signs of Internet Addiction
Currently, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) only recognises gaming disorder as a diagnosable internet-related mental disorder or addiction. However, Current Psychiatry Reviews highlights several diagnostic criteria that are suggested for future diagnoses of internet addiction or mental illness, which can also be referenced as potential warning signs of internet addiction. A person may be struggling with internet addiction or mental illness if they:
- Are preoccupied with the internet (is constantly thinking about online activity or anticipating future use)
- Feel a need to use the internet in increasing amounts of time to achieve satisfaction
- Have made unsuccessful efforts to moderate, cut back, or cease internet use
- Experience withdrawal symptoms when not using the internet; are restless, depressed, or irritable when attempting to moderate or cease internet use
- Have stayed online longer than intended
- Use the internet as a way of self-medicating distress or escaping personal problems
- Have lied to loved ones to conceal the extent of consequences caused by excessive internet use
- Are self-isolating or have missed opportunities as a result of excessive internet use
The Consequences of Untreated Internet Addiction
There are many well-researched consequences of internet addiction on health and well-being. By understanding these effects, individuals and families can feel greater motivation to address the different types of internet addiction alongside professional support and treatment if or when internet addiction surfaces in themselves or their loved ones.
Some of the consequences of untreated internet addiction include, but are not limited to:
- Depression; which happens to be the most frequently reported result of excessive internet use
- Social isolation and associated feelings of loneliness
- Low self-esteem
- Increased anxiety
- Somatisation
- Phobic anxiety
- Paranoid ideation
- Complicated family dynamics
- Physical problems such as body aches, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, and vision problems
- Cyberstalking
- Decreased privacy
- Comparison and envy
- Overconsumption of stressful events and/or fake news
Different Types of Internet Addiction
There is not one type of internet addiction; rather, internet addiction is a broad term that encompasses various subtypes, including social media addiction, gaming addiction, and online shopping addiction, for example. Each of these types of internet addiction triggers its own set of unique consequences on an individual’s daily life, alongside the otherwise common consequences of internet addiction as a whole.
Social Media Addiction
First, social media is a type of internet addiction that involves the excessive and compulsive use of social media and social networking platforms. As explained by the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, social networking sites (SNS) are virtual communities that enable individuals to create and share public profiles, meet individuals based on shared interests, and interact with real-life friends remotely. Some of the most well-known social networking platforms include YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and Snapchat, to name a few.
According to an article by Frontiers in Psychiatry, “Among the 7.91 billion people in the world as of 2022, 4.62 billion active social media users, and the average time individuals spent using the internet was 6 h 58 min per day with an average use of social media platforms of 2 h and 27 min.” Anyone who is an active social media user is at risk of developing a social media addiction. However, teens and young adults are particularly at risk, as these individuals have grown up alongside the growth of technology and social media and, in turn, may struggle to moderate their use effectively.
Some of the unique consequences of untreated social media addiction and mental disorders can include:
- Increased loneliness and FOMO (fear of missing out)
- Decreased subjective well-being and life satisfaction
- Poor body image
- Reduced ability to develop meaningful relationships
- Exposure to content related to self-harm and suicide
Gaming Addiction
Next, gaming addiction (also referred to as internet gaming disorder) is a type of internet addiction that, according to the WHO, is “characterised by impaired control over gaming, increasing priority given to gaming over other activities to the extent that gaming takes precedence over other interests and daily activities, and continuation or escalation of gaming despite the occurrence of negative consequences.” To be diagnosed with gaming disorder, an individual must exhibit problematic behaviour patterns that result in significant life impairments – including personal, social, educational, and other important areas of function – for at least 12 months.
Similar to other types of internet addiction, gaming addiction can have both short and long-term impacts on an individual’s health and well-being; including various emotional, psychological, and neurological effects. More specifically, those with gaming addiction are at risk of experiencing poor emotional regulation, insomnia, anxiety and depression, as well as increased irritability and aggression.
Moreover, as an article by Cureus explains, “There is a negative relationship between the time spent on online gaming and exercise and that leads to a sedentary lifestyle which is a risk factor for many medical health conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and coronary artery disease.” Nonetheless, those with gaming addiction must utilise professional support and guidance to successfully moderate use and heal from its lasting effects.
Online Shopping Addiction
Lastly, online shopping addiction (also referred to as compulsive buying behaviour (CBB)) is “characterised by the persistent, excessive, impulsive, and uncontrollable purchase of products in spite of severe psychological, social, occupational, financial consequences,” as stated by an article in Frontiers in Psychology. In their study, researchers found that CBB affected a significantly higher proportion of women and was also characterised by higher levels in various personality traits – including harm avoidance, reward dependence, novelty seeking, and cooperativeness – when compared to other behavioural addictions.
Furthermore, some of the unique consequences of online relationships with CBB and online shopping addiction include:
- Feelings of regret/remorse over purchases
- Financial problems
- Interpersonal difficulties
- Feelings of shame and guilt that do not subside over time
Coping With Internet Addiction
For those struggling with internet addiction, it is necessary to seek professional guidance and support in healing from the consequences of excessive internet use. There are many rehabilitation programmes available, each with its unique approaches to therapy and treatment. Treatment will help not only reverse any impairments to brain structure and functioning caused by excessive internet use but also identify and overcome any underlying causes. Oftentimes, unresolved childhood trauma and co-occurring mental health disorders are the biggest risk factors for both substance and behavioural addictions.
For those who are not struggling with an internet addiction disorder, as well as those who are seeking treatment, it is necessary to learn new ways to healthily navigate the digital age. Some valuable suggestions for this include the following.
Use Screen Time Limits
Most digital devices offer screen time applications that let individuals know how much time they are spending on apps, websites, and more. Not only do screen time applications track time, but oftentimes, they also offer limits that lock an individual out of an application for the remainder of the day. Using screen time applications and limits can help individuals be more intentional with their internet use and prevent the development of future internet addiction.
Disable Notifications and Enable ‘Do Not Disturb’
When it comes to digital devices like smartphones, notifications can become overwhelming. According to an article by PLoS One, “[E]vidence suggests that users can receive in excess of 50 notifications per day from a variety of apps.” Further, oftentimes, when someone receives a notification, regardless of what application it’s coming from, they feel compelled to not only respond and interact with that notification but also scroll through other apps for the sake of convenience. That said, disabling notifications can be a game changer for healthily navigating the digital age.
Similarly, many smartphone users can also access “do not disturb” settings, which can be helpful during periods when individuals may not want to be interrupted. This setting temporarily disables notifications for a specific time frame, which can be helpful when in group settings, studying, or merely taking a break from technology.
Use Social Media Wisely
Another suggestion for healthily navigating the digital age learning to use social media with purpose. This includes being more intentional about active social media use and consumption and, in turn, avoiding passive social media use. Passive social media use, such as mindlessly consuming information and “doom-scrolling,” can inform lower levels of well-being. To get the most out of social media and the internet, as well as prevent the development of internet addiction, stay engaged while online and practice intentional use.
Treatment for Behavioural Addictions With PCP
We at PCP – The Perry Clayman Project understand how challenging it is to live healthy, happy, and worthwhile lives when impacted by addiction. Individuals no longer have to struggle alone; professional treatment and support are available. We offer a number of private quality rehabilitation centres across the UK, helping individuals achieve lasting healing and recovery from both substance addictions and behavioural addictions. Some of the primary diagnoses we treat include:
- Alcohol addiction
- Drug addiction
- Gambling addiction
- Codependency
- Sex addiction
- Gaming addiction
Furthermore, we offer a wide range of programmes and services to meet our clients where they are in their treatment and recovery journeys From primary and secondary rehabilitation to supported housing, aftercare, and support for families, we have what individuals need to achieve lasting success from the distress of addiction.
Addiction – regardless of the type – is a very serious condition that will only get worse with time. When it comes to internet addiction, specifically, we encourage our clients to not let excessive internet use get in the way of otherwise healthy and happy relationships, careers, and overall well-being. Overcoming internet addiction and learning to healthily navigate the digital age are complex processes, but they can certainly be accomplished with guidance and support.
Dr. Olalekan Otulana’s Unique Contributions to PCP in Addressing Internet Addiction
Dr. Olalekan Otulana, a key figure at the Perry Clayman Project (PCP), brings an innovative and holistic approach to addiction treatment, particularly in the realm of internet addiction treatment. His expertise is not confined to traditional addiction therapy; it extends into integrating modern treatment methods with a compassionate, patient-focused approach.
Innovative Treatment Strategies
Dr. Otulana employs a blend of traditional and contemporary treatment methodologies. His practice is distinguished by its incorporation of the latest research in addiction medicine and science, adapting these findings into practical treatment strategies that are tailored to individual needs.
Holistic and Compassionate Care
At the heart of Dr. Otulana’s approach is a strong emphasis on holistic care. He advocates for treatments that address not just the physical aspects of addiction but also the psychological, social, and emotional facets. His compassionate approach towards patients ensures a supportive environment conducive to recovery.
Bridging Clinical Expertise and Operational Excellence
With his background in both clinical medicine and business administration, Dr. Otulana plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between clinical excellence and operational efficiency at PCP. This unique skill set allows him to contribute to both the direct treatment of patients and the broader strategic planning of the organization.
Education and Advocacy
Apart from his clinical duties, Dr. Otulana is involved in educational initiatives aimed at raising awareness about internet addiction. His work often extends beyond the clinic, involving community outreach and advocacy, which are critical in addressing the stigma and misunderstanding surrounding internet addiction.
Future-Oriented Approach
In a rapidly evolving digital world, Dr. Otulana’s forward-thinking perspective is vital. He keeps abreast of the latest developments in internet usage and its impacts on mental health, ensuring that PCP’s treatment modalities remain relevant and effective.
Role of Education in Preventing Internet Addiction
The digital age, while opening doors to vast knowledge and connectivity for young people, has also ushered in the challenge of internet addiction. As this phenomenon becomes increasingly prevalent, particularly among younger generations, the role of education in mitigating and preventing internet addiction has never been more critical.
Integrating Digital Literacy in Curriculum
One of the primary steps in combating problematic internet use and addiction through education is the integration of digital literacy into school curricula. Digital literacy goes beyond just teaching students how to use technology; it involves educating them about responsible and healthy technology use. This includes understanding the risks of excessive internet use, recognizing the signs of over internet usage and addiction treatment using, and learning about safe online practices.
Developing Critical Thinking About Online Content
Educators can play a significant role in fostering critical thinking skills about online content. By teaching college students how to discern reliable information from misinformation, educators help them become more discerning internet users. This approach can reduce the likelihood of college students falling into compulsive internet use patterns driven by misinformation or sensational content.
Encouraging Healthy Tech Habits
Schools can also be platforms for encouraging healthy technology habits. This can be achieved by setting clear guidelines for technology use within the school and by modeling balanced tech use. Programs that focus on time management skills and the importance of offline activities can help students learn to balance their online and offline lives.
Parental Involvement and Education
Incorporating parents into the educational process is vital. Workshops and informational sessions for parents can equip them with the knowledge and tools to recognize and address internet abuse and addiction in their children. By aligning the efforts of schools and families, a more supportive environment can be created for children to develop healthy internet usage habits.
Collaboration with Mental Health Professionals
Schools can collaborate with mental health professionals to provide resources and support for students showing signs physical and psychological symptoms because of internet addiction. This collaboration can include training for teachers to identify at-risk students, counseling services for students, and developing intervention strategies.
Extracurricular Activities and Alternative Engagements
Promoting extracurricular activities is another effective strategy. Engaging students in sports, arts, clubs, and other offline activities can provide fulfilling alternatives to online activities, thereby reducing the time they spend on the internet.
Future-Proofing Students
As we move deeper into the digital era, the role of education in preparing students to navigate the online world responsibly is indispensable. By instilling a balanced approach to internet use, educational institutions can play a pivotal role in safeguarding students against the pitfalls of internet abuse and addiction.
In Summary
The fight against internet addiction requires a multifaceted approach, and education is undoubtedly one of the critical battlegrounds. By educating young minds about the responsible use of technology, we not only combat internet addiction but also empower a generation to harness the positive aspects of the digital age while avoiding its pitfalls.
We are living amidst a complicated and complex digital age, where digital devices have become an integral part of daily life. Yet, when internet use is left unmoderated, it can inform various types of internet addiction. Internet addiction is characterised by excessive or uncontrollable preoccupations and compulsive behaviors regarding computer and internet use that inevitably lead to lasting impairments and distress. Gaming disorder, technology addiction, internet addiction test social media addiction, impulse control disorder and online shopping addiction are three types of internet addiction. For those who are struggling problematic internet using, professional treatment and support are available. We at PCP – The Perry Clayman Project have a variety of rehabilitation clinics across the UK for those seeking recovery from substance and process addictions. Learn more by calling 08000 380 480.